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Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2021Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, comprising the fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour, are a unique group of neoplasms that share histological characteristics but... (Review)
Review
Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, comprising the fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour, are a unique group of neoplasms that share histological characteristics but possess different clinical behaviour. The fibroadenoma is the commonest benign breast tumour in women, while the phyllodes tumour is rare and may be associated with recurrences, grade progression and even metastasis. The diagnosis of fibroadenoma is usually straightforward, with recognised histological variants such as the cellular, complex, juvenile and myxoid forms. The phyllodes tumour comprises benign, borderline and malignant varieties, graded using a constellation of histological parameters based on stromal characteristics of hypercellularity, atypia, mitoses, overgrowth and the nature of tumour borders. While phyllodes tumour grade correlates with clinical behaviour, interobserver variability in assessing multiple parameters that are potentially of different biological weightage leads to significant challenges in accurate grade determination and consequently therapy. Differential diagnostic considerations along the spectrum of fibroepithelial tumours can be problematic in routine practice. Recent discoveries of the molecular underpinnings of these tumours may have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroadenoma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial; Phyllodes Tumor
PubMed: 32461622
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0583-3 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015Proliferating pilomatricoma is proliferative, rare tumor variant of pilomatricoma. It is a benign neoplasm of hair matrix that can have potentially involve local...
Proliferating pilomatricoma is proliferative, rare tumor variant of pilomatricoma. It is a benign neoplasm of hair matrix that can have potentially involve local recurrence. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented an asymptomatic nodule on the scalp. Histological exam demonstrated a basaloid epithelium at the periphery, filled with eosinophilic cornified material containing shadow cells. The tumor was excised and there was no evidence of recurrence one year later.
Topics: Hair Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilomatrixoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 26312685
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153972 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2022Mesenchymal neoplasms of the parotid gland (PG) and para-pharyngeal (PP) space are distinctly uncommon. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy experience with nonlipomatous... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal neoplasms of the parotid gland (PG) and para-pharyngeal (PP) space are distinctly uncommon. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy experience with nonlipomatous neoplasms from this site is reviewed.
METHODS
Cytopathology and surgical pathology files were examined for mesenchymal PG and PP space neoplasms. FNA biopsy was performed using standard technique.
RESULTS
Twenty-two PG and/or PP aspirates from 20 adults (male:female = 1.1:1; age range, 19-84 years, mean age, 50 years) and a 10-week-old infant met inclusion criteria. Biopsy sites included PG (17, 77%) or PP space (5, 23%). Five of 6 malignant neoplasms (83%) were called malignant cytologically. Only 7 of 11 (63%) benign neoplasms were recognized as a benign neoplasm. None of 5 solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) cases were correctly recognized. Conversion to the Milan classification showed 8 (36%) FNA cases diagnosed as benign neoplasm, 6 (27%) malignant neoplasm, 4 (18%) neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 2 (9%) nondiagnostic, and single cases of suspicious for malignancy and nonneoplastic. There was 1 false-positive and no false-negative FNA diagnoses. Ancillary testing in 10 (45%) aspirates helped substantiate a correct specific diagnosis in 3 malignant and 3 benign cases.
CONCLUSIONS
FNA biopsy of nonlipomatous mesenchymal SG neoplasms is particularly challenging. Less than half (9 of 11, 41%) had specific FNA diagnoses that correctly matched the tissue diagnoses or clinical outcome. Accurate Milan categorization was superior for malignant neoplasms (5 of 6, 83%) in contrast to benign neoplasms (7 of 11, 63%), or neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (SFT) (2 of 5, 40%).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parapharyngeal Space; Parotid Gland; Retrospective Studies; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 35195952
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22562 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Sep 2020Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses is a slowly expanding benign lesion developing when there is impeded physiological drainage of the mucous produced by the epithelial... (Review)
Review
Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses is a slowly expanding benign lesion developing when there is impeded physiological drainage of the mucous produced by the epithelial lining of the paranasal sinuses, at the sinus ostium, which is an opening that connects the sinus to the nasal cavity. Aetiologies of ostial occlusion include infection, allergy, trauma, previous surgery, benign neoplasm (osteoma or fibrous dysplasia), and malignant or metastatic tumours. Mucoceles commonly develop in the frontal sinus (70-80 per cent), followed by the ethmoid (25 per cent), frontoethmoidal (10-14 per cent), and maxillary (three per cent or less) sinuses. The most common manifestations in these cases are ocular oedema, proptosis (22-83 per cent), and diplopia (28 per cent). Due to these ocular signs and symptoms, the optometrist may be first in line managing paranasal sinus disease patients, reducing the risk of permanent damage. A case report and review of frontoethmoidal mucocele will be discussed in this report, to include the role of the optometrist in its management and treatment.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diplopia; Ethmoid Sinus; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Mucocele; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31773805
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13006 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2022The dentinogenic ghost cell tumour (DGCT) is a rare benign neoplasm, which histologically presents itself as an aberrant keratinisation of the epithelium, ghost cells...
The dentinogenic ghost cell tumour (DGCT) is a rare benign neoplasm, which histologically presents itself as an aberrant keratinisation of the epithelium, ghost cells and dentinoid material. Depending on its location there are two different types of DGCT, central or peripheral, with different clinical characteristics. By 2019, there were only 57 cases of DGCT published: 39 of the central type and 18 of the peripheral type.In this clinical case, the authors describe the case of a 78-year-old man with a painless and slow growing mandibular lump. The diagnosis of peripheral DGCT was made by incisional biopsy and the treatment consisted of radical excision with upper marginal mandibulectomy.The aim of the article is to report a clinical case of a rare pathology and, consequently, to help diagnose and better understand its biological behaviour.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Epithelium; Humans; Male; Mandible; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 35039348
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245513 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2024The increasing cancer burden calls for reliably assessed changes in the hospitalizations for tumors over time and space in China. This study evaluated trends in...
The increasing cancer burden calls for reliably assessed changes in the hospitalizations for tumors over time and space in China. This study evaluated trends in hospitalization rate, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and medical costs for malignant and benign neoplasms. Data were derived from China Health Statistical Yearbooks from 2004 to 2020. Temporal trends in hospitalization rates and in-hospital mortality rates were assessed through the Cochran-Armitage Test. We used the linear model with continuous variables to test for the trend. The malignant neoplasm hospitalization rate increased from 1.1‰ to 5.8‰ and the benign neoplasm increased from 1.0‰ to 2.0‰. The in-hospital mortality rate due to malignant neoplasm and benign neoplasm decreased from 5.11 to 2.87% (P for trend < 0.001) and 0.14-0.01% (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. Among all patients hospitalized with malignant neoplasm, the average cost per hospitalization significantly increased during the study period (P for trend < 0.001), adjusted for the Consumer Price Index. However, the average LOS gradually decreased (P for trend < 0.001). In line with the trend of malignant neoplasm, the average cost per hospitalization increased significantly among all patients hospitalized for benign neoplasm (P for trend < 0.001), and the average LOS showed a steady downward trend (P for trend < 0.001). We found upward trends in hospitalization rates, and medical costs in neoplasms. By contrast, substantial decreases in in-hospital mortality and LOS. The hospitalization rate gap between urban and rural areas is narrowed.
Topics: Humans; Hospitalization; Length of Stay; Brain Neoplasms; China; Hospital Mortality
PubMed: 38291411
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11866-x -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Feb 2011Functional imaging using radiolabeled probes that specifically bind and accumulate in target tissues has improved the sensitivity and specificity of conventional... (Review)
Review
Functional imaging using radiolabeled probes that specifically bind and accumulate in target tissues has improved the sensitivity and specificity of conventional imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has shown improved diagnostic accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant lesions in the setting of solitary pulmonary nodules. FDG-PET has become useful in preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer, and is being tested with many other malignancies for its ability to change patient management. This article provides an overview of the current status of FDG-PET and presents the challenges of moving toward routine use.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 21184913
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2010.10.012 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Apr 2010Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the epididymis, occurring mainly in young adult males. More than one-third of the cases reported in the literature... (Review)
Review
Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the epididymis, occurring mainly in young adult males. More than one-third of the cases reported in the literature have occurred in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Conversely, epididymal nodules presumed to be papillary cystadenomas are found in one-third of males with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The association is stronger for bilateral tumors. The pathogenesis involves loss of the von Hippel-Lindau gene resulting in overexpression of the angiogenic protein "hypoxia-inducible factor." Papillary cystadenoma is of mesonephric derivation. It originates in the efferent ductules of the head of the epididymis in the form of tiny precursor lesions. Histologically, papillary cystadenoma is characterized by cystic spaces with intracystic papillary projections lined by clear cells, with a resultant resemblance to renal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical markers may facilitate the distinction between the 2 tumors. Treatment consists of surgical excision and the prognosis is excellent.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cystadenoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Testicular Neoplasms; Young Adult; von Hippel-Lindau Disease
PubMed: 20367315
DOI: 10.5858/134.4.630 -
Fertility and Sterility Jul 2021To study the association among fertility treatments, treatment protocol, and offspring neoplasm risk up to the age of 18 years.
OBJECTIVE
To study the association among fertility treatments, treatment protocol, and offspring neoplasm risk up to the age of 18 years.
DESIGN
A population-based retrospective cohort.
SETTING
Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), the single tertiary medical center and in vitro fertilization (IVF) unit in southern Israel.
PATIENT(S)
All offspring born at the SUMC between the years 1995 and 2018 after IVF treatment (the exposed group) and offspring conceived spontaneously (the unexposed group).
INTERVENTION(S)
The study was performed at the SUMC, the single tertiary medical center and IVF unit in southern Israel. The exposed and unexposed were matched with a ratio of 1:4, based on maternal age and calendar month of delivery. Data collection included a summary of the couple's medical records, delivery data, and offspring neoplasm diagnoses.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Offspring neoplasm of any kind and time to diagnosis in each of the groups.
RESULT(S)
A total of 1,583 exposed and 5,874 offspring were included in the study. The incidences of offspring benign neoplasm were 14 (0.9%) versus 21 (0.4%), and the incidences of malignancies were 17 (1.1%) versus 29 (0.5%) among offspring of the IVF and spontaneous groups, respectively. The association between mode of conception and offspring neoplasm risk remained significant after adjusting for confounders, including mode of delivery and pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm delivery compared with spontaneously conceived offspring. Among the IVF group, the increased risk for neoplasm was found among offspring who were transferred as fresh embryos, at an earlier stage of development (cleavage stage), or after three or more aspirated oocytes.
CONCLUSION(S)
IVF treatment is associated with offspring neoplasm risk; specifically, the risk was greater among offspring who were returned as fresh embryos, at an earlier embryotic stage (cleavage stage), or after three or more aspirated oocytes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infertility; Israel; Male; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33597091
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.013 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Jan 2020The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study including all 0- to 11-year-old girls operated at a single center from 1999 to 2016 for ovarian cysts, neoplasms or torsions. Patient charts were reviewed for symptoms, preoperative radiological imaging, operative details and histopathology.
RESULTS
We identified 78 girls, resulting in a population-based incidence of 4.2/100 000. Infants (n = 44) presented with benign cysts (42/44, 95%, one bilateral), a benign neoplasm (1/44, 2%) and a torsion without other pathology (1/44, 2%). Torsion was found in 25/29 (86%) ovaries with complex cysts and in 3/15 (21%) ovaries with simple cysts in preoperative imaging (P < 0.001). Most infants were symptomless. Lesions in 1- to 11-year-old girls (n = 34) included benign neoplasms (n = 21/34, 62%), malignant neoplasms (n = 5/34, 15%), a cyst with torsion (n = 1/34, 3%) and torsions without other pathology (n = 7/34, 21%). Torsion was more common in benign (17/21, 81%) than in malignant neoplasms (1/5, 20%) (P < 0.020). Ovarian diameter did not differ between ovaries with or without torsion (P = 0.238) or between benign and malignant neoplasms (P = 0.293). The duration of symptoms in lesions with or without torsion was similar.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent are benign lesions with torsion. Surgery should be ovary-preserving and performed without delay.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Finland; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Diseases; Ovarian Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 31449329
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13717